IMO Shortlist 2011 problem N6


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June 23, 2013
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Let P(x) and Q(x) be two polynomials with integer coefficients, such that no nonconstant polynomial with rational coefficients divides both P(x) and Q(x). Suppose that for every positive integer n the integers P(n) and Q(n) are positive, and 2^{Q(n)}-1 divides 3^{P(n)}-1. Prove that Q(x) is a constant polynomial.

Proposed by Oleksiy Klurman, Ukraine
Source: Međunarodna matematička olimpijada, shortlist 2011