IMO Shortlist 2017 problem N2


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Let p \geq 2 be a prime number. Eduardo and Fernando play the following game making moves alternately: in each move, the current player chooses an index i in the set \{0,1,2,\ldots, p-1 \} that was not chosen before by either of the two players and then chooses an element a_i from the set \{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9\}. Eduardo has the first move. The game ends after all the indices have been chosen .Then the following number is computed: M=a_0+a_110+a_210^2+\cdots+a_{p-1}10^{p-1}= \sum_{i=0}^{p-1}a_i.10^i. The goal of Eduardo is to make M divisible by p, and the goal of Fernando is to prevent this.

Prove that Eduardo has a winning strategy.

Izvor: https://www.imo-official.org/problems/IMO2017SL.pdf